Phase Chemistry Study of the Zabuye Salt Lake Brine: Isothermal Evaporation at 15°C and 25°C     

NIE Zhen  BU Lingzhong  ZHENG Mianping  ZHANG Yongsheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1533-1538

Zabuye Salt Lake in Tibet, China is a carbonate-type salt lake, which has some unique characteristics that make it different from other types of salt lakes. The lake is at the latter period in its evolution and contains liquid and solid resources. Its brine is rich in Li, B, K and other useful minor elements that are of great economic value. We studied the concentration behavior of these elements and the crystallization paths of salts during isothermal evaporation of brine at 15°C and 25°C. The crystallization sequence of the primary salts from the brine at 25°C is halite (NaCl) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3)→ trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → sylvite (KCl), while the sequence is halite (NaCl) → sylvite (KCl) → trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) → zabuyelite (Li2CO3) → thermonatrite (Na2CO3·H2O) → aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4) at 15°C. They are in accordance with the metastable phase diagram of the Na+, K+-Cl?, CO32?, SO42?-H2O quinary system at 25°C, except for Na2CO3·7H2O which is replaced by trona and thermonatrite. In the 25°C experiment, zabuyelite (Li2CO3) was precipitated in the early stage because Li2CO3 is supersaturated in the brine at 25°C, in contrast with that at 15°C, it precipitated in the later stage. Potash was precipitated in the middle and late stages in both experiments, while boron was concentrated in the early and middle stages and precipitated in the late stage.  相似文献   

强烈气洗作用导致原油成分变化的定量计算:以库车坳陷天然气藏为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张斌  黄凌  吴英  王辉  崔洁 《地学前缘》2010,17(4):270

库车坳陷以产天然气为主,同时产出少量原油和凝析油,油气充注不同步,普遍具有"油早气晚"的特点,晚期大量天然气的侵入,必然对早期聚集的油藏发生改造作用。对气藏中原油成分变化的定量计算和讨论,可为天然气的注入强度定量评价提供直接证据。未遭受气洗的原油,正构烷烃摩尔浓度的对数与相应的碳数呈线性关系,而气洗作用可使轻组分的正构烷烃最先溶解于干气中,并随着天然气继续向前运移,原始油藏中的轻组分正构烷烃大大减少。以此为理论基础,建立了正构烷烃损失的定量计算模型。结果表明克拉2构造原油正构烷烃损失程度最高,平均可达70%左右,大北构造带原油正构烷烃损失程度差异较大,与该地区断块发育有关。气洗作用导致原油正构烷烃减少,而金刚烷、多环芳烃等在天然气中溶解度较低的化合物得以浓缩富集,相对含量大大增加。轻芳烃含量也会随之而增加,原油芳香度增加,石蜡度降低。在模拟实验基础上对气洗程度进行了定量评价,初步估算表明,克拉2构造原油遭受的气洗作用最强,是其他构造带的2～5倍。  相似文献   

干湿交替条件下包气带土柱中氮素迁移转化规律实验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张沙莎  靳孟贵  孙强  董晓亮  汤庆佳 《地学前缘》2010,17(6):52-58

干湿交替的回灌方法常被用于解决地面回灌补给地下水的堵塞问题。研究干湿交替条件下地面回灌对地下水的影响对于指导再生水回灌地下水具有重要实际意义。通过室内土柱模拟实验,在入渗强度为10.5 mm/h的条件下,日均进水量3 888 mL;用干湿交替的地面回灌模式持续运行136 d,累计灌入氨氮含量为5 mg/L的模拟再生水23 894 L,研究包气带土柱对氨氮的去除效果及氮素在包气带中的迁移转化规律。研究表明,充分利用包气带的好氧、兼氧和厌氧环境,生物脱氮是地下水回灌过程中脱氮的主要途径。包气带对氨氮的去除机理主要为土壤对氨氮的吸附作用和微生物的降解作用。回灌过程中累积在土颗粒表面的氨氮在干期发生硝化作用,干湿交替会加强氮素在包气带的迁移转化,导致干期后的回灌初期大量硝态氮迁移到饱和带地下水中。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地南缘固沙灌丛下地表凝结水特征     

陈晓涵  吴永胜  海春兴 《中国沙漠》2023,43(1):83-95

尽管凝结水在干旱生态系统中所发挥的重要作用已被广泛关注,但对其在固沙灌丛下时空变化特征的研究仍然比较薄弱。为探明固沙灌丛对地表凝结水的影响,在毛乌素沙地南缘沙区选择3种典型固沙灌丛（沙柳Salix psammophila、柠条Caragana korshinskii和油蒿Artemisia ordosica）,以无固沙灌丛影响的裸沙作为对照,用微型蒸渗仪测定了固沙灌丛下不同位置（根部、1/2冠幅和外缘）和不同方向（东、南、西、北）上地表凝结水的形成和蒸发特征。结果表明：（1）与对照相比,固沙灌丛的存在显著降低了地表凝结水量,沙柳、油蒿和柠条灌丛下凝结水量分别降低了29%、32%和33%;(2)不同类型固沙灌丛下地表凝结水量由里向外均呈显著增加的趋势,但不同方向上地表凝结水量差异不显著;（3）固沙灌丛的存在减缓了凝结水的形成和蒸发过程,即凝结水自19:00开始形成,到次日08:00基本结束,至13:00—15:00蒸发殆尽,其形成过程整体上表现出增加—平缓—增加的趋势,柠条和油蒿灌丛下地表凝结水在03:00—05:00甚至有少量蒸发,而蒸发过程呈稳定下降趋势;（4）凝结水的形成过程与空气...  相似文献   

环境因子对敦煌莫高窟洞窟水分蒸发的影响     

李红寿  汪万福  詹鸿涛  邱飞 《干旱气象》2014,32(6)

环境因子对洞窟水分蒸发有重要影响.在敦煌莫高窟72窟蒸发水分的收集过程中,通过对窟内温度和湿度的控制,分析窟内温湿度对水分蒸发的影响及作用机理,并根据围岩水分蒸发机理,探讨影响水分蒸发的外部环境因子.结果表明,洞窟2.0℃的温度变化即可对水分蒸发产生显著影响,短期内蒸发量可增大1倍以上.温度高、蒸发量大,可导致窟内相对湿度增加,因此目前全球性的气温升高对洞窟文物将产生不利影响.敦煌地区降雨量的增加增大了空气潮湿过程激活壁画盐分的可能.莫高窟所处的地理位置、地热、地形结构、围岩孔隙度和洞窟结构本身对围岩水分蒸发有重要影响.本文从环境因素揭示了莫高窟壁画能够保存至今的关键原因,为今后洞窟文物的更好保护提供了新思路.  相似文献   

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with mei-yu torrential rainfall over eastern China during June 2011     

ZHAI Guoqing  LI Xiaofan  ZHU Peijun  SHEN Hangfeng  ZHANG Yuanzhi 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1435-1444

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with three heavy rainfall events that occurred over eastern China during the mei-yu season in June 2011 were analyzed using 2D cumulus ensemble model simulation data.Model domain mean rainfall showed three peaks in response to three prescribed ascending motion maxima,primarily through the mean moisture convergence during the torrential rainfall period.Prescribed ascending motion throughout the troposphere produced strong convective rainfall during the first （9 June） and third （17-18 June） rainfall events,whereas strong prescribed ascending motion in the mid and upper troposphere and weak subsidence near the surface generated equally important stratiform and convective rainfall during the second rainfall event （14 June）.The analysis of surface rainfall budgets reveals that convective rainfall was associated with atmospheric drying during the first event and moisture convergence during the third event.Both stratiform and convective rainfall responded primarily to moisture convergence during the second event.An analysis of grid data shows that the first and third mean rainfall maxima had smaller horizontal scales of the precipitation system than the second.  相似文献   

The Influence of Pan Evaporation Conditions on Na Cl crystallization     

TANG N  ZHANG Shuang  HE Guohu  ZHANG Lei  CHENG Penggao 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):375-376

正1 Introduction Crystallization is one of important unit operations in the chemical production process,which requires not only the crystal product with high purity and yield,but also the available particle size of the crystal products to ensure product quality.Crystallization process is affected by  相似文献   

The Metastable Phase Equilibria of the MeX-MgCl_2-H_2O Systems     

ZENG Ying  YU Xudong  MU Pengtao  FENG Shan 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):398-398

正1 Introduction The Pingluoba brine,which characterized as high concentration with sodium,potassium,boron,lithium,and rubidium,possess great development value.The main composition of the brine can be summarized to the  相似文献   

Study on the Isothermal Evaporation Process at 5℃ with the Brine of Laguocuo Salt Lake     

WANG Xuekui  DONG Jinggang  YUAN Jianjun  SHA Zuoliang 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):161-162

正1 Introduction Tibet has nurmerous salt lakes.Laguocuo is one of the salt lakes,which is located to the sorthern of Ali Plateau,31°59′02″N-32°04′08″N,84°02′03″E-84°12′03″E.Its lake water is rich in potassium,magnesium,lithium,boron,rubidium,cesium and other resources.The study of  相似文献   

长江流域蒸发皿蒸发量的区域变化特征及影响因素     

杨蓉华  李佳佳  贺新光 《热带地理》2022,42(12):2098-2109

基于长江流域148个气象站1980—2017年的蒸发皿观测数据,将旋转经验正交函数（REOF）和模糊C均值聚类（FCM）相结合,对流域蒸发皿蒸发量（PE）进行分区,然后运用Modified Mann-Kendall检验和多元逐步回归等方法,分析各子区域PE的变化特征并识别其主要影响因子。结果表明：1）REOF的前4个空间模态显示流域PE存在5个主要的异常敏感区,基于这4个空间模态,流域PE在空间上可划分为9个子区域。2）在年尺度上,各区PE呈不同程度的增加趋势,其中中部盆地区上升速率最大（111.28 mm/10 a）,西部高原区上升速率最小（12.5 mm/10 a）;而在季节尺度上,秋、冬季流域PE呈显著上升趋势,春、夏季PE的变化具有明显的区域差异性,部分地区PE为下降趋势。3）影响PE变化的主要因子因地而异,但大多子区域的PE变化与平均气温和饱和水汽压差的变化显著相关。  相似文献